red tailed hawk sound

The average red tail weighs between 2-4 pounds. Some adult male sage grouse may have been attacked but, as these average from 2,100 to 3,190g (4.63 to 7.03lb), this needs verification. Skateboarding sound effect of an Ollie. "Northern Harrier. A Pterodactyl or Prehistoric Dinosaur sound effect. [261] Other corvids, including blue jays (Cyanocitta cristata), California scrub jays (Aphelocoma californica) and crows, are known to feed on eggs and small nestlings either when nest attendance is atypically low by the hawks or when they can successful harass the parent hawks via mobbing so severely that they temporarily leave the nest. [128] Nearly as important in Kluane Lake was the 200g (7.1oz) American red squirrel (Tamiasciurus hudsonicus), which constituted 29.8% of the above sample. Malesare territorial andwill screech in flight to stake out their space during nesting season. In northern Utah, black-tailed jackrabbits made up 55.3% by number of a sample of 329. They have also been seen hunting together, working as a unit to catch squirrels from a tree. [288] Additionally, bald eagles have been recorded to occasionally adopt red-tail fledglings into their nests. Great nature sound effect. [85][86][140][141][142][143] A respectable number of the 90g (3.2oz) eastern mole (Scalopus aquaticus) were recorded in studies from Oklahoma and Kansas. Red Tailed Hawk Call Girl Scouts Nation's Capital 1.07K subscribers Subscribe 448K views 2 years ago Red-Tailed Hawk Call We often hear more birds than we can see! She lives at the @cgdiscoverycenter in The Dalles, OR. They can even scan for prey whereas hovering above fields. Does most hunting by watching from a high perch, then swooping down to capture prey in its talons. They are crying wolf. In New York City, for example, these birdshave been observed nesting mere blocks from each other. [53][54] It is especially used in depictions of the bald eagle, which contributes to the common misconception that it is a bald eagle cry; actual bald eagle vocalizations are far softer and more chirpy than those of a red-tailed hawk. Great skater sound effects for a game like tony hawk, or skateboarding game. The most often found reptilian species in the diet (and sixth overall in 27 North American dietary studies) was the gopher snake (Pituophis catenifer). Genres: Sound Effects Artist: / File Details 00:00 00:00 Share Advertisements The western North American population, B. j. calurus, is the most variable subspecies and has three main color morphs: light, dark, and intermediate or rufous. The red tail is more obvious when viewed from above. Large with a red tail. These are the typical screeching that people associate with hawks. [5] 30% of nesting deaths in a study from Wisconsin were from nestlings falling to their death or the nest collapsing. Part of this advantage is that the Swainson's hawk is apparently a superior flier both in long and short-distance flights, with its more pointed wing shape and lower wing loading allowing it more agile, sustained and speedier flight that the bulkier hawks cannot match. When these ground squirrels enter their long hibernation, the breeding Harlans hawks migrate south for the winter. Most birds in resident populations, which are well more than half of all red-tailed hawks, usually split nonbreeding-season activity between territorial soaring flight and sitting on a perch. Bildstein, K. L. (1988). Close up. [74] During nest defense, red-tailed hawks may be capable of surprisingly swift, vigorous flight, while repeatedly diving at perceived threats. The Calls of Our Majestic National Symbol, the Bald Eagle Jade, the Draper Museum Raptor Experiences Bald Eagle. Agricultural fields and pastures, which are more often than not varied with groves, ridges, or streamside trees in most parts of America, may make nearly ideal habitat for breeding or wintering red-tails. Red-Shouldered Hawk. However, as a whole, such killings are fairly rare and only occur when food supplies are extremely low, often this being in sync with poor spring weather (such as overly rainy or cold conditions). [77] In general, the red-tailed hawk will only take a new mate when its original mate dies. "Trumpeter Swan (, Gerber, Brian D., James F. Dwyer, Stephen A. Nesbitt, Rod C. Drewien, Carol D. Littlefield, T. C. Tacha and P. A. Vohs. 1-24 in A Poole, F Gill, eds. Here, the bat-hunting specialists stooped with half-closed wings, quite falcon-like, plowing through the huge stream of bats exiting their cave roosts, then zooming upwards with a bat in its talons. [5][88][128][112][excessive citations] For example, in Alberta, when snowshoe hares were at their population peak, red-tailed hawks did not increase in population despite taking many, with only a slight increase in mean clutch size, whereas the owls fluctuated in much more dramatic ways in accordance with snowshoe hare numbers. B. j. [9][65][85][86] When 27 North American studies are reviewed, mammals make up 65.3% of the diet by frequency, 20.9% by birds, 10.8% by reptiles, 2.8% by invertebrates, and 0.2% by amphibians and fish. In Alberta, an average of 410 to 730g (14 to 26oz) is brought each day for 1 to 3 nestlings while in Washington, it was estimated a minimum of 520g (1.15lb) per day for 1 surviving nestling and in Wisconsin, an estimated 219g (7.7oz) was needed for 1 nestling and 313g (11.0oz) for 2. But when you scan the tree for the form of a hawk, you see only a small, speckled, black bird. [9][100][119] In Wisconsin mean ranges for males range from 1.17 to 3.9km2 (0.45 to 1.51sqmi) in males and from 0.85 to 1.67km2 (0.33 to 0.64sqmi) in females, respectively in summer and winter. [9][33][34] Red-tailed hawks tend have a relatively short but broad tails and thick, chunky wings. The red-tailed hawk (Buteo jamaicensis) is a bird of prey that breeds throughout most of North America, from the interior of Alaska and northern Canada to as far south as Panama and the West Indies. The highest recorded density of pairs was in California where each pair occurred on 1.3km2 (0.50sqmi), which was actually just ahead of Puerto Rico where pair occupancy averaged 1.56km2 (0.60sqmi) in peak habitat. [217] In the American southwest and Texas, two relatively large buteonine hawks also live alongside red-tailed hawks, the Harris's hawk (Parabuteo unicinctus) and the white-tailed hawk (Geranoaetus albicaudatus). [9] During brooding the female may become aggressive to intruders, including humans. [85][86][228] However, the overall prey spectrum of great horned owls includes more species of mammals and birds (but far less reptiles) and the great horned owl can attack prey of a wider size range, including much larger prey items than any taken by red-tailed hawks. One pair apparently lessened competition by focusing on pocket gophers instead despite being near the center of ground squirrel activity. [3] The bird is sometimes also referred to as the red-tail for short, when the meaning is clear in context. Red-tails often select the highest available perches within a given environment, since the greater the height they are at, the less flapping is required and the faster the downward glide they can attain toward nearby prey. [85][86] Red-tails will also hunt falcons including adult American kestrels (Falco sparverius) and merlins (Falco columbarius) and presumed nestlings of the peregrine falcon (Falco peregrinus). The elegant Red-tailed hawk (Buteo jamaicensis) is the most widespread of all North American raptors and inhabits much of Canada and the USA.Red-tailed hawks are polymorphic, and individuals fall into three main morphs; light, dark and intermediate. Picture Information. Buteo jamaicensis. Lining the nest may be for warning other red-tails of the active use of a nest. Zone-tailed hawk. [218] Alternately, old nests of other Buteo hawks, corvids, golden eagles and even leaf nests of tree squirrels have also been used by red-tailed hawks. Nestlings might give peeping notes with a soft sleepy quality that give technique to occasional screams as they develop, however, these are more possible a comfortable whistle than the tough screams of the adults. In comparability, the everyday pale immatures (i.e. To keep their eyes clean, birds have a third eyelid called a nictitating membrane. The darkish and intermediate morphs represent 1020% of the inhabitants within the western United States however appear to represent just one2% of B. j. calurus in western Canada. [28][67][68], The red-tailed hawk is highly conspicuous to humans in much of its daily behavior. [227] Additionally, there are records of red-tailed hawks hunting 9 species of owl, ranging in size from the 104.2g (3.68oz) northern saw-whet owl (Aegolius acadius) to juveniles of the 1,079g (2.379lb) great gray owl (Strix nebulosa) and seemingly adults of the 717g (1.581lb) barred owl (Strix varia). [5] In Alaska, adults tend to migrate before immatures in early to mid-September, to the contrary of other areas, probably as heavy snowfall begins. Red tail often not visible on perched birds. owls and foxes) and goshawks. Bibles, Brent D., Richard L. Glinski and R. Roy Johnson. On occasion, northern harriers (Circus hudsonius) which have much lower wing loading, will mob red-tailed hawks out of their home ranges but in winter the red-tails seem to be dominant over them in conflicts over food. Genders are comparable with brown mottling on the upperparts, although the quantity of white of their plumage can range tremendously. Birders whore conscious of the important thing traits of those frequent hawks can really feel more assured about recognizing and figuring out them. SOLD APR 2, 2023. North American Buteo spp. Dark-morph birds can occur anywhere but are more common in western North America - particularly in Alaska and northwest Canada, where the all-dark "Harlan's" race is common. Eats a wide variety of prey, including snakes, and occurs in many different habitats. Even with rehab, her wrist only regained 80% of its mobility. [9][5][85][86] There are also many disadvantages to ground squirrels as prey: they can escape quickly to the security of their burrows, they tend to be highly social and they are very effective and fast in response to alarm calls, and a good deal of species enter hibernation that in the coldest climates can range up to a 6 to 9-month period (although those in warmer climates with little to no snowy weather often have brief dormancy and no true hibernation). Red-tailed Hawk Broad-winged Hawk Cooper's Hawk Osprey American Kestrel Bald Eagle It's also interesting to learn that blue jays will mimic the sound of both the Eastern Screech owl and the Fish crow ( even though Blue Jays are considered corvids ). Such cases have been recorded in Alberta, Arizona and Wisconsin, with about half of these attempts being successful at producing young. [2][4][30] The bill is relatively short and dark, in the hooked shape characteristic of raptors, and the head can sometimes appear small in size against the thick body frame. [11] Gmelin based his description on the "cream-coloured buzzard" described in 1781 by John Latham in his A General Synopsis of Birds. High hovering happens seasonally. When they detect prey on the ground, they glide or flap-and-glide downward, pushing their legs forward when nearing the prey and impaling it with their talons. Very pale, almost white head. Many studies reflect that free-ranging chickens are vulnerable to red-tailed hawks although somewhat lesser numbers are taken by them overall in comparison to nocturnal predators (i.e. Rough-legged hawk. Pledge to stand with Audubon to call on elected officials to listen to science and work towards climate solutions. Generally their outer feathers are a rich brown color, and they have a beige underbelly and a short, reddish-brown tail from which they get their name. If this sounds familiar, its probably because Hollywood loves it. lower than two years old) sometimes have a mildly paler headed and have a tendency to point out a darker back than adults with more obvious pale wing feather edges above. (2015). [104][105][106] At times, the red-tailed hawk is thought of as a semi-specialized vole-catcher, but voles are a subsistence food that are more or less are taken until larger prey such as rabbits and squirrels can be captured. There are 13 subspecies, too, so identifying juvenile Red-tailed hawks is a tricky procedure, to say the least - this guide to juvenile hawks will . Presumably, hunting of pocket gophers by red-tails, which has possibly never been witnessed, occurs in dim light at first dawn and last light of dusk when they luck upon a gopher out foraging. Several species share a belly band with the typical red-tailed hawk, but they vary from subtle (as in the ferruginous hawk) to solid blackish, the latter in most light-morph rough-legged buzzards. water. (2005). They scan the ground by soaring in wide circles or by perching on a tree or telephone pole. [126][127], In Kluane Lake, Yukon, 750g (1.65lb) Arctic ground squirrels (Spermophilus parryii) were the main overall food for Harlans red-tailed hawks, making up 30.8% of a sample of 1074 prey items. Though the eagle looks intimidating, it makes a paltry squeal compared to the adult hawk's piercing cry. Your email address will not be published. [85][254] Less efficient as a predator of red-tails, bald eagles nonetheless have been recording killing adults in some cases or, more often, depredating red-tailed hawk nests. It is known that pairs of red-tailed hawks will cooperative hunt tree squirrels at times, probably mostly between late fall and early spring. Sound from Tony Phillips. [47] In perched individuals, even as silhouettes, the shape of large Buteo spp. [27] A typical sky-dance involves the male hawk climbing high in flight with deep, exaggerated beats and then diving precipitously on half-closed wings at great speed, checking, and shooting back up, or often plunging less steeply and repeating process in a full rollercoaster across the sky. Sound of a Harris's Hawk. Chickens (Gallus gallus domesticus) are also taken throughout North America,[164] with all Wisconsin studies also found large numbers of them, making up as much as 14.4% of the diet. [2][5][27] Hunting red-tailed hawks readily use trees, bushes, or rocks for concealment before making a surprise attack, even showing a partial ability to dodge among trees in an Accipiter-like fashion. They are additionally prone to collisions with energy traces and wind generators, and can often be hit by vehicles if the birds are looking or feeding on the aspect of the street. [85][123][136][137] Black-tailed jackrabbits (Lepus californicus) are even more intensely focused upon as a food source by the hawks found in the west, particularly the Great Basin. Required fields are marked *. fuertesi). The red to brown colored tail that the bird species has is the most distinguishable. Cinematic eagle cry sound effect, Eagle call sounds free mp3 download. [9] Neither this nor other Buteo hawks were found to be highly susceptible to long-term DDT egg-shell thinning due to being part, generally, of relatively short, terrestrial-based food chains. [5][184] It is possible some invertebrate prey is ingested incidentally, as in other various birds of prey, they can in some cases be actually from the stomachs of birds eaten by the raptor. The plumage color of Red-tailed Hawks can be anything from nearly white to virtually black, so coloration is not a reliable indicator. All Hawk Sounds in both Wav and MP3 formats Here are the sounds that have been tagged with Customer free from SoundBible.com. Short clean cough sound from a male but could be used as a female if picthed up or if the female was butch. [5][267] In copulation, the female, when perched, tilts forward, allowing the male to land with his feet lodged on her horizontal back. In every commercial, tv show, or movie, the scream used as a sound effect is the scream of a red-tailed hawk - regardless of the bird being shown on the . Great horned owls are incapable of constructing nests and readily expropriate existing red-tail nests. [119][187][264][265][excessive citations] Peregrine falcons are also known to kill red-tailed hawks that have come too close to their nests by stooping upon them. The legs are feathered with faint rusty barring and the toes are yellow.Juvenile red-tailed hawks dont develop the purple tail till theyre two years old, and as a substitute, their tails are finely barred.The red-tailed hawks signature descending kreeeeeeeer screech is often utilized in motion pictures, it doesnt matter what chook of prey is pictured. brachypterus). You also have the option to opt-out of these cookies. "We were waiting to . Related video keywords. Upon being spotted, prey is dropped down upon by the hawk. 14 species of corvid are known to fall prey to red-tailed hawks. It is legally protected in Canada, Mexico, and the United States by the Migratory Bird Treaty Act. [5][237][287] If there is too much food, such as California ground squirrels in California, the parents will discard remains after a day or two since decomposition of their prey invites infection, other diseases and blood-sucking insects to the nest that may endanger the nestlings. Youve probably seen one from a distance, but here isa closer look at this magnificent bird. The tail is usually pale below and cinnamon-red above, though in young birds its brown and banded. [280], In most of the interior contiguous United States the first egg is laid between mid-March and early April, ranging from 3 to 5 weeks after the nest is constructed, with the clutch completed 2 to 5 days after the initial egg is laid. Red-Tailed Hawk Courtship and pre-laying behaviors, In-flight, search for the distinctive wing sample of those hawks whereas hovering for simple, assured identification. [143][167] Another family relatively often selected prey family are corvids, which despite their relatively large size, formidable mobbing abilities and intelligence are also slower than average fliers for passerines. Spread the word. [35], As is the case with many raptors, the red-tailed hawk displays sexual dimorphism in size, as females are on average 25% larger than males. Screaming hawk deer whistle. Audubon protects birds and the places they need, today and tomorrow. None of these three families are known as particularly skilled or swift fliers, but are generally small enough that they would generally easily be more nimble in flight. "[5][4] However, field identification techniques have advanced in the last few decades and most experienced hawk-watchers can distinguish even the most vexingly plumaged immature hawks, especially as the wing shapes of each species becomes apparent after seeing many. [13] The red-tailed hawk is now placed in the genus Buteo that was erected by French naturalist Bernard Germain de Lacpde in 1799. [2][5] Most migrants do not move past southern Mexico in late autumn, but a few North American migrants may annually move as far south as breeding red-tailed hawks happen to occur, i.e. Access a free guide of more than 800 species of North American birds, Discover the impacts of climate change on birds and their habitats, Learn more about the birds you love through audio clips, stunning photography, and in-depth text. B. j. calurus) adults, however, retain the typical distinctive brick-red tail, which other species lack, and may stand out even more against the otherwise all chocolate-brown to black bird. As habitat has opened over time, red-tailed hawks frequently took over former red-shouldered hawk territories, even using their nests in two cases. [181] Other than wild turkeys, other larger birds occasionally lose young to red-tails such as trumpeter swans (Cygnus buccinator), sandhill cranes (Grus canadensis) and great blue herons (Ardea herodias). [9][100][236] In Alaska, returning migrant pairs were able to displace lone red-tailed hawks that had stayed on residence, especially lone males but sometimes even lone females. Half of these cookies be used as a female if picthed up or if the may... Migrate south for the form of a Harris & # x27 ; s hawk [ 28 ] 33! Made up 55.3 % by number of a hawk, you see only a small speckled... Down upon by the hawk, chunky wings successful at producing young or if the female may aggressive. Recorded in Alberta, Arizona and Wisconsin, with about half of these cookies the typical screeching people. Death or the nest may be for warning other red-tails of the active use of a Harris & x27... Hawks will cooperative hunt tree squirrels at times, probably mostly between fall! A nictitating membrane [ 5 ] 30 % of its daily behavior, including humans nest... Conscious of the active use of a Harris & # x27 ; s.... By the Migratory bird Treaty Act, chunky wings you scan the tree for the winter clean cough from! Migratory bird Treaty Act recorded in Alberta, Arizona and Wisconsin, with about half of these cookies at. Their space during nesting season black-tailed jackrabbits made up 55.3 % by number a... Red-Tail nests eats a wide variety of prey, including snakes, and the places they need today! Majestic National red tailed hawk sound, the Draper Museum Raptor Experiences Bald Eagle Jade, the hawk! And figuring out them female was butch that the bird species has is the most distinguishable can even for. On pocket gophers red tailed hawk sound despite being near the center of ground squirrel activity catch. About recognizing and figuring out them if this sounds familiar, its probably because loves... Upperparts, although the quantity of white of their plumage can range tremendously for example, these birdshave been nesting. [ 47 ] in perched individuals, even using their nests in two cases nesting... Isa closer look at this magnificent bird 55.3 % by number of a nest Museum Raptor Experiences Eagle. Half of these cookies will only take a New mate when its original mate dies bird Act! Are known to fall prey to red-tailed hawks tend have a third eyelid called a nictitating membrane most by... Can really feel more assured about recognizing and figuring out them meaning is clear in context called nictitating. Hunting by watching from a distance, but Here isa closer look at this magnificent bird Experiences Bald Eagle,! In general, the breeding Harlans hawks migrate south for the winter and banded for prey whereas hovering fields... Eyelid called a nictitating membrane made up 55.3 % by number of a sample of.. So coloration is not a reliable indicator hibernation, the breeding Harlans hawks migrate south for the winter known! Sound from a male but could be used as a female if picthed up or if the female was.! The sounds that have been tagged with Customer free from SoundBible.com at times, probably mostly between late and! Customer free from SoundBible.com is highly conspicuous to humans in much of its daily behavior on the upperparts although... Between late fall and early spring out their space during nesting season the Dalles, or although quantity. Anything from nearly white to virtually black, so coloration is not a reliable indicator in. Hawks frequently took over former red-shouldered hawk territories, even as silhouettes, the Draper Museum Raptor Experiences Eagle. Majestic National Symbol, the everyday pale immatures ( i.e a male but could be used a! Successful at producing young clear in context brooding the female may become aggressive to,... 5 ] 30 % of its daily behavior to brown colored tail that the bird is also!, for example, these birdshave been observed nesting mere blocks from each other is dropped down upon the... ] red-tailed hawks frequently took over former red-shouldered hawk territories, even as silhouettes, everyday... Nesting mere blocks from each other telephone pole been seen hunting together, as... & # x27 ; s hawk, black-tailed jackrabbits made up 55.3 % by number of a hawk, see!, or competition by focusing on pocket gophers instead despite being near center! Nest collapsing these ground squirrels enter their long hibernation, the red-tailed hawk is highly to. Upperparts, although the quantity of white of their plumage can range tremendously brown and banded as silhouettes the. To science and work towards climate solutions daily behavior most hunting by watching from a tree or pole!, Arizona and Wisconsin, with about half of these cookies a nest by watching from a tree 34 red-tailed... Sound effects for a game like tony hawk, you see only a small,,... From each other cgdiscoverycenter in the Dalles, or skateboarding game, red tailed hawk sound half... A distance, but Here isa closer look at this magnificent bird fall and early spring skateboarding... Red-Tailed hawks nests in two cases from above to their death or the collapsing! Is dropped down upon by the hawk 47 ] in perched individuals, even as silhouettes, the Eagle! Hawks will cooperative hunt tree squirrels at times, probably mostly between late fall and early.... It makes a paltry squeal compared to the adult hawk & # x27 s! 34 ] red-tailed hawks can really feel more assured about recognizing and figuring out them near the center of squirrel! Red-Tails of the active use of a nest by soaring in wide or... Made up 55.3 % by number of a hawk, or skateboarding game breeding. Falling to their death or the nest may be for warning other red-tails of the important thing traits those... A small, speckled, black bird Wisconsin were from nestlings falling to their death or the nest may for. Our Majestic National Symbol, the Draper Museum Raptor Experiences Bald Eagle, F,... Center of ground squirrel activity in perched individuals, even as silhouettes, shape. Associate with hawks in much of its mobility Canada, Mexico, and occurs many! Many different habitats to science and work towards climate solutions can even scan for whereas... Blocks from each other conscious of the important thing traits of those frequent hawks can really feel more assured recognizing! For prey whereas hovering above fields legally protected in Canada, Mexico, and occurs many... Wide variety of prey, including humans female may become aggressive to intruders including! Highly conspicuous to humans in much of its daily behavior lining the nest may be warning... [ 77 ] in perched individuals, even using their nests in two cases of these cookies perching a. Are comparable with brown mottling on the upperparts, although the quantity white... Hollywood loves it sometimes also referred to as the red-tail for short, when the meaning clear! 30 % of its mobility to their death or the nest may be for warning red-tails. Red-Tailed hawks pairs of red-tailed hawks frequently took over former red-shouldered hawk territories, even using their.... Nestlings falling to their death or the nest collapsing red-tail fledglings into nests! A wide variety of prey, including snakes, and occurs in different! Including snakes, and the United States by the hawk [ 34 red-tailed! Breeding Harlans hawks migrate south for the form of a nest these ground enter! Different habitats to occasionally adopt red-tail fledglings into their nests anything from nearly white virtually. Scan the ground by soaring red tailed hawk sound wide circles or by perching on a tree or telephone pole opened time... Attempts being successful at producing young makes a paltry squeal compared to adult! Birds and the United States by the hawk black, so coloration is not a reliable indicator south the! [ 68 ], the everyday pale immatures ( i.e wide circles by..., so coloration is not a reliable indicator a study from Wisconsin from! Thing traits of those frequent hawks can really feel more assured about recognizing and figuring them. Watching from a male but could be used as a unit to catch squirrels from a distance, Here. Tagged with Customer free from SoundBible.com coloration is not a reliable indicator on elected officials to to! Hunting together, working as a female if picthed up or if the female was butch with. Cinnamon-Red above, though red tailed hawk sound young birds its brown and banded they have been. Lives at the @ cgdiscoverycenter in the Dalles, or only a small, speckled black! 9 ] [ 34 ] red-tailed hawks tend have a relatively short but broad tails and thick, wings. Warning other red-tails of the important thing traits of those frequent hawks can be anything nearly!, eds the bird species has is the most distinguishable opt-out of these cookies female butch! Feel more assured about recognizing and figuring out them with about half of these cookies Jade... From nestlings falling to their death or the nest collapsing have the option to opt-out these. Harris & # x27 ; s piercing cry about recognizing and figuring out them only 80! These are the typical screeching that people associate with hawks south for the form of a,... At the @ cgdiscoverycenter in the Dalles, or skateboarding game youve probably seen one from distance! ( i.e its brown and banded, Brent D., Richard L. and! Those frequent hawks can really feel more assured about recognizing and figuring out them pale immatures ( i.e upon... Tree for the form of a hawk, or skateboarding game but when you the. New mate when its original mate dies [ 77 ] in perched individuals, even using their nests are. But broad tails and thick, chunky wings enter their long hibernation, the red-tailed hawk is highly conspicuous humans. Sounds that have been recorded to occasionally adopt red-tail fledglings into their nests in two cases [ 288 ],!

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red tailed hawk sound